C Sharp -Programming Language Future
DotNet Framework :
"The .NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and supports several programming languages which allows language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages). Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a softwareenvironment (as contrasted to hardwareenvironment), known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual machine that provides important services such as security,memory management, and exception handling. The class library and the CLR together constitute the .NET Framework ."
The .NET Framework, as the most important new technology for developers for many years, we would not be exaggerating.NET is designed to provide a new environment within which you can develop almost any application to run on Windows, whereas C# is a new programming language that has been designed specifically to work with .NET. Using C# you can, for example, write a dynamic Web page, an XML Web service, a component of a distributed application, a database access component, a classic Windows desktop application, or even a new smart client application that allows for online/offline capabilities.
Architecture of .Net Framework :
1.CLR(Common Language Runtime) :
"The .NET Framework provides a runtime environment called the Common Language Runtime or CLR, which handles the execution of code and provides useful services for the implementation of the program. CLR takes care of code management at program execution and provides various beneficial services such as memory management, thread management, security management, code verification, compilation, and other system services. The managed code that targets CLR benefits from useful features such as cross-language integration, cross-language exception handling, versioning, enhanced security, deployment support, and debugging"
2. CTS(Common Type System) :
"Common Type System (CTS) describes how types are declared, used and managed in the runtime and facilitates cross-language integration, type safety, and high performance code execution"
3. CLS(Common Language Specification) :
" The CLS is simply a specification that defines the rules to support language integration in such a way that programs written in any language, yet can interoperate with one another, taking full advantage of inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions, and other features"
4. Base Class Library (BCL) :
" The Base Class Library (BCL) is a standard library available to all languages using the .NET Framework. .NET includes the BCL in order to encapsulate a large number of common functions, such as file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction, and XML document manipulation, which makes the programmer's job easier. It is much larger in scope than standard libraries for most other languages, including C++, and would be comparable in scope to the standard libraries of Java. The BCL is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Framework Class Library (FCL), which is a superset including the Microsoft.* namespaces. FCL forms the main set with BCL acting as the subset."
NOTE - The BCL is updated with each version of the .NET Framework.
Features of .Net Framework:
DotNet Framework :
"The .NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and supports several programming languages which allows language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages). Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a softwareenvironment (as contrasted to hardwareenvironment), known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual machine that provides important services such as security,memory management, and exception handling. The class library and the CLR together constitute the .NET Framework ."
The .NET Framework, as the most important new technology for developers for many years, we would not be exaggerating.NET is designed to provide a new environment within which you can develop almost any application to run on Windows, whereas C# is a new programming language that has been designed specifically to work with .NET. Using C# you can, for example, write a dynamic Web page, an XML Web service, a component of a distributed application, a database access component, a classic Windows desktop application, or even a new smart client application that allows for online/offline capabilities.
Architecture of .Net Framework :
"The .NET Framework provides a runtime environment called the Common Language Runtime or CLR, which handles the execution of code and provides useful services for the implementation of the program. CLR takes care of code management at program execution and provides various beneficial services such as memory management, thread management, security management, code verification, compilation, and other system services. The managed code that targets CLR benefits from useful features such as cross-language integration, cross-language exception handling, versioning, enhanced security, deployment support, and debugging"
2. CTS(Common Type System) :
"Common Type System (CTS) describes how types are declared, used and managed in the runtime and facilitates cross-language integration, type safety, and high performance code execution"
3. CLS(Common Language Specification) :
" The CLS is simply a specification that defines the rules to support language integration in such a way that programs written in any language, yet can interoperate with one another, taking full advantage of inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions, and other features"
4. Base Class Library (BCL) :
" The Base Class Library (BCL) is a standard library available to all languages using the .NET Framework. .NET includes the BCL in order to encapsulate a large number of common functions, such as file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction, and XML document manipulation, which makes the programmer's job easier. It is much larger in scope than standard libraries for most other languages, including C++, and would be comparable in scope to the standard libraries of Java. The BCL is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Framework Class Library (FCL), which is a superset including the Microsoft.* namespaces. FCL forms the main set with BCL acting as the subset."
NOTE - The BCL is updated with each version of the .NET Framework.
.Net Framework Versions :
Features of .Net Framework:
1. Interoperability:
Because
computer systems commonly require interaction between new and older
applications, the .NET Framework provides means to access functionality
that is implemented in programs that execute outside the .NET
environment. Access to COM components
is provided in the System.Runtime.InteropServices and
System.EnterpriseServices namespaces of the framework; access to other
functionality is provided using the P/Invoke feature.
2. Common Language Runtime Engine:
The Common Language Runtime (CLR)
is the execution engine of the .NET Framework. All .NET programs
execute under the supervision of the CLR, guaranteeing certain
properties and behaviors in the areas of memory management, security,
and exception handling.
3. Language Independence:
The .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System, or CTS. The CTS specification defines all possible datatypes and programming constructs supported by the CLR and how they may or may not interact with each other conforming to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
specification. Because of this feature, the .NET Framework supports the
exchange of types and object instances between libraries and
applications written using any conforming .NET language.
4. Base Class Library:
The Base Class Library (BCL),
part of the Framework Class Library (FCL), is a library of
functionality available to all languages using the .NET Framework. The
BCL provides classes which encapsulate a number of common functions, including file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction,XML document manipulation and so on.
5. Simplified Deployment:
The .NET Framework includes design features and tools that help manage the installation of
computer software to ensure that it does not interfere with previously
installed software, and that it conforms to security requirements.
6. Security :
The design is meant to address some of the vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows, that have been exploited by malicious software. Additionally, .NET provides a common security model for all applications.
7. Portability :
While
Microsoft has never implemented the full framework on any system except
Microsoft Windows, the framework is engineered to be platform
agnostic,and cross-platform implementations are available for other
operating systems (see Silverlight and the Alternative implementations section below). Microsoft submitted the specifications for the Common Language Infrastructure (which includes the core class libraries, Common Type System, and the Common Intermediate Language), the C#language,and the C++/CLI language to both ECMA and the ISO,
making them available as open standards. This makes it possible for
third parties to create compatible implementations of the framework and
its languages on other platforms.
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